A rapid urine test based on
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed for the detection
of anti-Helicobacter Pylori antibodies in urine.
Several methods to diagnose H.
pylori infection have been developed, among which the urea breath test (UBT) is
currently regarded as the most accurate assay, but the UBT is still expensive
and not widely available in many countries.
Scientists at the Ho Chi Minh
City Medicine and Pharmacy University (Vietnam) working with Japanese
colleagues, enrolled 200 patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
from October 2012 to December 2012. Three biopsies were taken from each
patient: two for histologic examination and one for the rapid urease test
(RUT).
The biopsy for RUT was taken from
the greater curvature of the corpus, about 2 cm above the atrophic border. This
biopsy location has been reported to optimize the sensitivity of the PyloriTek
RUT to detect H. pylori (Serim Research Co.; Elkhart, IN, USA). Urine samples
were collected and were processed within one hour of collection for the
detection of antibodies against H. pylori using the Rapirun Helicobacter pylori
Antibody Stick (Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Tokyo, Japan). The test
measures human immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against H. pylori in urine
using the principle of immunochromatography.
Of the 200 patients, 111 (55.5%)
were diagnosed as being H. pylori positive. The sensitivity, specificity, and
accuracy of the Rapirun Stick test were 84.7%, 89.9%, and 87.0%, respectively.
There were 17 (8.5%) false-negative patients and 9 (4.5%) false-positive
patients. Of the 24 patients with gastro-duodenal ulcer, 22 (91.7%) had H.
pylori infection. However, 7 of 22 (31.8%) patients with reflux esophagitis
also had the infection.
The authors demonstrated the
usefulness of the Rapirun Stick test for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection
in a Vietnamese population and the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of
the Rapirun Stick test were high. In several patients, RUT and histologic
examination produced false-negative or false-positive results, leading to the
possible misdiagnosis of H. pylori infection. The study was published on May 7,
2014, in the World Journal of Gastroenterology.
(Credit:
Lab Medica)
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